Arithmetic Mean
μ = Σxᵢ / nSum all values and divide by the count. The most commonly used average.
Where:
μ= The arithmetic mean (population) or x̄ (sample)xᵢ= Each individual value in the data setn= The total number of valuesArithmetic Mean
30.00
Median
30.00
Count
5
Sum
150.00
Separate numbers with commas or spaces
Must have the same number of weights as data values. Leave empty for equal weights.
30
30
None
26.0517
21.8978
10, 20, 30, 40, 50
μ = Σxᵢ / nSum all values and divide by the count. The most commonly used average.
Where:
μ= The arithmetic mean (population) or x̄ (sample)xᵢ= Each individual value in the data setn= The total number of valuesGM = (x₁ × x₂ × ... × xₙ)^(1/n)The nth root of the product of all values. Used for multiplicative quantities like growth rates.
Where:
GM= The geometric meanxᵢ= Each value (must be positive)n= The total number of valuesHM = n / Σ(1/xᵢ)The reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals. Ideal for averaging rates.
Where:
HM= The harmonic meanxᵢ= Each value (must be positive)n= The total number of valuesInputs
Result
Sum = 85 + 92 + 78 + 95 + 88 = 438. Mean = 438 / 5 = 87.6. Sorted: {78, 85, 88, 92, 95}, so median = 88 (middle value). No mode since all values are unique.
Inputs
Result
Weighted sum = 4.0×4 + 3.0×3 + 3.7×3 + 2.7×2 = 16 + 9 + 11.1 + 5.4 = 41.5. Total credits = 12. Weighted GPA = 41.5 / 12 = 3.4583.
Inputs
Result
Product = 1.10 × 1.20 × 0.95 × 1.15 = 1.4421. Geometric mean = 1.4421^(1/4) = 1.0957. This represents the true average growth multiplier across 4 periods.
Mean is the sum divided by the count. Median is the middle value when data is sorted. Mode is the most frequently occurring value. For the data set {2, 3, 3, 5, 7}: mean = 4, median = 3, mode = 3.
| Measure | Formula | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Mean | Σx / n | Symmetric data without outliers |
| Median | Middle value | Skewed data or with outliers |
| Mode | Most frequent | Categorical data |
Use a weighted average when some values contribute more than others. Common examples include calculating GPA (courses have different credit hours), portfolio returns (different investment sizes), and grading systems (exams worth more than homework).
| Scenario | Weights | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Equal weights (3 items) | 1, 1, 1 | Same as arithmetic mean |
| GPA (4cr A, 2cr B) | 4, 2 | 3.67 |
| Grades (90 hw, 80 exam) | 30%, 70% | 83 |
The geometric mean is the nth root of the product of n values. It is used for growth rates, ratios, and percentage changes. For returns of +10% and +20%: geometric mean = √(1.1 × 1.2) = 1.1489, or about 14.89% average return.
| Data Set | Arithmetic Mean | Geometric Mean |
|---|---|---|
| 2, 8 | 5 | 4 |
| 1, 100 | 50.5 | 10 |
| 4, 4, 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 3, 12, 27 | 14 | 10.9 |
The harmonic mean is n divided by the sum of reciprocals: n / Σ(1/xᵢ). It is ideal for averaging rates, speeds, or ratios. If you drive 60 mph for one leg and 40 mph for the return, the harmonic mean speed is 48 mph, not 50.
| Data | Arithmetic | Geometric | Harmonic |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40, 60 | 50 | 48.99 | 48 |
| 2, 8 | 5 | 4 | 3.2 |
| 1, 4, 4 | 3 | 2.52 | 2 |
When you have an even count of values, the median is the average of the two middle values. Sort the data, find positions n/2 and n/2 + 1, and average them. For {3, 5, 7, 9}: median = (5 + 7) / 2 = 6.
| Data Set | Count | Middle Values | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 5 (odd) | 3 | 3 |
| 1, 2, 3, 4 | 4 (even) | 2, 3 | 2.5 |
| 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 | 6 (even) | 30, 40 | 35 |
An average summarizes a data set with a single representative value. While most people think of the arithmetic mean, there are actually several types of averages, each suited to different situations and data characteristics.
The arithmetic mean works best for symmetric data without extreme outliers. The median is more robust for skewed distributions like income data. The geometric mean is the standard for averaging growth rates and returns, while the harmonic mean is appropriate for rates and speeds.
Our calculator computes all four average types simultaneously, plus the median, mode, and key summary statistics. Enter your data as comma-separated values to see a complete statistical summary instantly.
Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026
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