Firing Time
8.5 hrs
Peak
1828°F
Energy
26.7 kWh
Cost
$3
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Inputs
Result
Three segments: candling (100°F/hr to 250°F), ramp (200°F/hr to 1,000°F), final (300°F/hr to 1,828°F + 10 min hold). 4.5 kW × 70% duty × 10.5 hrs.
Inputs
Result
Two segments: slow ramp to 1,000°F, then 300°F/hr to 2,232°F with 15 min soak. 8 kW × 70% × 11.5 hrs.
A bisque fire to cone 06 takes 8–12 hours depending on kiln size and load density. A glaze fire to cone 6 takes 9–13 hours. Glass fusing and slumping are typically 6–10 hours including annealing.
Every firing has three main stages: ramp up (heating at controlled rates), soak (holding at peak temperature), and cool down (controlled or natural cooling). Bisque firings add a candling stage at 200°F to drive off moisture.
| Firing Type | Peak Temp | Typical Time | Energy Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bisque (06) | 1,828°F | 10 hours | $3–$6 |
| Low Glaze (04) | 1,945°F | 8 hours | $3–$5 |
| Mid Glaze (6) | 2,232°F | 11 hours | $5–$8 |
| High Glaze (10) | 2,345°F | 14 hours | $7–$12 |
A medium studio kiln (4.5 kW) firing to cone 6 uses approximately 25–35 kWh per firing, costing $3–8 at typical residential electricity rates. The kiln does not run at full power the entire time; duty cycle averages 60–70%.
Most clay bodies within the same temperature range use similar schedules. However, thick pieces need slower ramp rates, and porcelain often benefits from a longer soak. Always follow the clay manufacturer’s recommendations.
Explore kiln scheduling, glaze estimation, clay shrinkage, and glassblowing tools.
Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026
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