$170,000 in equity — that is what a homeowner with a $450,000 home and $280,000 mortgage has accumulated, representing 37.8% of the property’s value. The formula is straightforward: Home Equity = Current Home Value – Mortgage Balance. The inverse metric, loan-to-value (LTV), equals the mortgage balance divided by home value: $280,000 ÷ $450,000 = 62.2% LTV.
Equity builds through two channels: principal payments on your mortgage and market appreciation. On a $280,000 loan at 6.5% over 30 years, your first monthly payment allocates just $284 toward principal (16% of the $1,770 payment), with $1,486 going to interest. By year 10, principal allocation rises to $564/month, and by year 20, it exceeds $1,100. Home appreciation compounds on top — at 3% annual growth, a $450,000 home reaches $604,000 in 10 years, adding $154,000 in equity beyond mortgage payments.
LTV below 80% is the critical threshold for borrowing against equity. Lenders typically require at least 15–20% equity (80–85% combined LTV) before approving a HELOC or home equity loan. Every percentage point of LTV reduction expands your borrowing capacity and improves the rates you qualify for.
| Home Value | Mortgage Balance | Equity | Equity % | LTV |
|---|
| $300,000 | $240,000 | $60,000 | 20% | 80% |
| $400,000 | $280,000 | $120,000 | 30% | 70% |
| $500,000 | $300,000 | $200,000 | 40% | 60% |
| $600,000 | $350,000 | $250,000 | 42% | 58% |