Compound interest is interest calculated on both the initial principal AND accumulated interest from previous periods. Unlike simple interest (calculated only on principal), compound interest creates exponential growth. Example: $10,000 at 7% for 30 years grows to $76,123 with compound interest vs $31,000 with simple interest.
- Simple interest: Interest only on original principal
- Compound interest: Interest on principal + accumulated interest
- The "interest on interest" effect accelerates growth over time
- More frequent compounding = slightly higher returns
| $10,000 at 7% | Simple Interest | Compound Interest | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 years | $17,000 | $19,672 | +$2,672 |
| 20 years | $24,000 | $38,697 | +$14,697 |
| 30 years | $31,000 | $76,123 | +$45,123 |
Compound interest is why starting to invest early matters so much. Each year, your previous gains earn their own gains. Albert Einstein allegedly called it the "eighth wonder of the world" - whether or not he said it, the math is undeniably powerful.