ROI = [(Final Value - Initial Investment) ÷ Initial Investment] × 100. Example: Invest $10,000, sell for $15,000. ROI = ($15,000 - $10,000) ÷ $10,000 × 100 = 50% return. Include all costs (fees, taxes) and all gains (dividends, interest) for accurate ROI.
- Formula: (Gain ÷ Cost) × 100 = ROI %
- Include ALL costs: purchase price, fees, commissions
- Include ALL returns: sale price, dividends, interest
- Positive ROI = profit, Negative ROI = loss
- Example: Buy stock at $1,000, sell at $1,200 = 20% ROI
ROI is the most basic investment performance metric. It tells you how much you made (or lost) relative to what you invested. However, it doesn't account for time - a 50% ROI over 10 years is very different from 50% in 1 year. For time comparison, use annualized ROI.