Power (Exponentiation)
x^n = x × x × ... × x (n times)Multiply the base x by itself n times. For n=0, the result is always 1 (for x ≠ 0).
Where:
x= The base numbern= The exponent (power)2^10
1,024
Scientific
1.024000e+3
1/x^n
9.7656e-4
2^10
1,024
1.024000e+3
9.765625e-4
4
8
x^n = x × x × ... × x (n times)Multiply the base x by itself n times. For n=0, the result is always 1 (for x ≠ 0).
Where:
x= The base numbern= The exponent (power)x^(1/n) = the nth root of xThe nth root of x is the number that, when raised to the nth power, equals x. This is equivalent to x raised to the power 1/n.
Where:
x= The number to find the root of (radicand)n= The root index (2 for square root, 3 for cube root)x^(-n) = 1 / x^nA negative exponent produces the reciprocal of the base raised to the corresponding positive exponent.
Where:
x= The base number (x ≠ 0)n= The positive exponent valueInputs
Result
2^10 = 2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2 = 1,024. This is 1 kilobyte in computing (1 KB = 2^10 bytes).
Inputs
Result
The cube root of 125 is 5 because 5^3 = 5×5×5 = 125. In general, the nth root of x^n = x.
Inputs
Result
3^(-4) = 1/3^4 = 1/81 ≈ 0.012346. The negative exponent creates the reciprocal: instead of 81, you get 1/81.
To calculate x^n, multiply x by itself n times. For example, 2^5 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32. For negative exponents, x^(-n) = 1/x^n. For fractional exponents, x^(1/n) is the nth root of x.
| Base | Exponent | Result | Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 10 | 1,024 | Two to the tenth |
| 3 | 5 | 243 | Three to the fifth |
| 10 | 3 | 1,000 | Ten cubed |
| 2 | 20 | 1,048,576 | Over one million |
A negative exponent means you take the reciprocal of the base raised to the positive exponent. So x^(-n) = 1/x^n. For example, 2^(-3) = 1/2^3 = 1/8 = 0.125. Negative exponents create fractions less than 1.
| Expression | Equals | Decimal |
|---|---|---|
| 2^(-1) | 1/2 | 0.5 |
| 2^(-3) | 1/8 | 0.125 |
| 10^(-3) | 1/1000 | 0.001 |
| 5^(-2) | 1/25 | 0.04 |
The nth root of x is the number that, when raised to the nth power, gives x. It equals x^(1/n). The square root is the 2nd root, cube root is the 3rd root. For example, the 4th root of 16 is 2 because 2^4 = 16.
| Root Type | Of Number | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Square root | 64 | 8 |
| Cube root | 125 | 5 |
| 4th root | 81 | 3 |
| 5th root | 32 | 2 |
The fundamental exponent rules are: product rule (x^a × x^b = x^(a+b)), quotient rule (x^a / x^b = x^(a-b)), power rule ((x^a)^b = x^(ab)), and zero rule (x^0 = 1). These rules let you simplify complex expressions.
| Rule | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Product | x^a × x^b = x^(a+b) | 2³ × 2⁴ = 2⁷ = 128 |
| Quotient | x^a / x^b = x^(a-b) | 3⁵ / 3² = 3³ = 27 |
| Power | (x^a)^b = x^(ab) | (2³)² = 2⁶ = 64 |
Scientific notation expresses numbers as a coefficient (1-10) times a power of 10. For example, 1,500,000 = 1.5 × 10^6 and 0.0003 = 3 × 10^(-4). It uses exponents to handle very large or very small numbers compactly.
| Number | Scientific Notation | Power of 10 |
|---|---|---|
| 1,000 | 1 × 10³ | 3 |
| 0.001 | 1 × 10⁻³ | -3 |
| 6,022 × 10²³ | Avogadro's number | 23 |
Exponents are a fundamental mathematical operation that represents repeated multiplication. When we write x^n (x raised to the power n), we mean multiplying x by itself n times. This compact notation is essential for expressing very large numbers, very small numbers, and complex mathematical relationships.
Beyond simple integer powers, exponents extend to negative values (reciprocals), fractions (roots), and even irrational numbers. The rules of exponents — product rule, quotient rule, and power rule — provide powerful tools for simplifying algebraic expressions and solving equations.
Our exponent calculator handles all cases: positive integer powers with step-by-step multiplication, negative exponents showing reciprocal computation, nth roots, and automatic scientific notation conversion. Whether you are studying algebra or working with scientific data, this tool provides complete results instantly.
Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026
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