Dog Training Classes Cost Near Me — 2026 Local Price Comparison

KONG Classic Stuffable Dog Toy - Fetch & Chew Toy for Dogs - Treat-Filling Capabilities & Erratic Bounce for Extended Play Time - Durable Natural Rubber Material - for Large Dogs

BARKBAY No Pull Dog Harness Front Clip Heavy Duty Reflective Easy Control Handle for Large Dog Walking(Black,L)

MidWest Homes for Pets 42-Inch iCrate for Large Breeds, 71-90 lbs, Single Door Folding Dog Crate with Divider Panel, Leak-Proof Tray & Secure Latch, Portable, Durable & Easy to Assemble

KONG Classic Stuffable Dog Toy - Fetch & Chew Toy for Dogs - Treat-Filling Capabilities & Erratic Bounce for Extended Play Time - Durable Natural Rubber Material - for Large Dogs

BARKBAY No Pull Dog Harness Front Clip Heavy Duty Reflective Easy Control Handle for Large Dog Walking(Black,L)

As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much do dog training classes cost near me in 2026?

PetSmart and Petco charge $109–$149 for a 6-week group obedience course. Independent certified trainers run $100–$300 per 6-8 week course, depending on region and class size. Franchise schools like Zoom Room charge $175–$350. Reactive dog specialty classes cost $200–$500 for a 4-6 week course. Single drop-in sessions run $25–$65. Regional premiums in NYC, SF, LA, and Boston add 25–40% above national averages.

PetSmart / Petco 6-week course: $109–$149
Independent certified trainer 6-week course: $100–$300
Franchise school (Zoom Room) 6-week course: $175–$350
Reactive dog specialty class (4-6 weeks): $200–$500
Single drop-in / eval session: $25–$65

Provider Type	6-Week Course	Class Size	Credential
PetSmart / Petco	$109–$149	6–8 dogs	APT (in-house)
Independent trainer	$100–$300	4–6 dogs	CPDT-KA typical
Franchise school	$175–$350	4–6 dogs	Franchise cert
Reactive dog class	$200–$500	2–4 dogs	CBCC-KA required
Humane society class	$80–$150	5–8 dogs	Variable

Is PetSmart or Petco dog training worth it compared to a local trainer?

For basic obedience and puppy kindergarten, chain classes at $109–$149 deliver solid value: standardized LIMA-based curriculum, weekly 1-hour sessions, and a controlled retail environment. Independent trainers at $150–$300 offer smaller classes (4–6 dogs vs. 6–8), deeper credentials, and location-specific curriculum tailored to your neighborhood. For reactive dogs or any behavior issue beyond basic manners, skip the chain and go directly to a CPDT-KA or CBCC-KA certified independent trainer.

Chain pros: low price, convenient, standardized curriculum
Chain cons: larger class size, retail-store distractions, limited behavior expertise
Independent pros: smaller class, deeper credential, personalized to your dog
Independent cons: 20–80% higher price, variable availability
Reactive or fear issues: independent or franchise only — chains decline enrollment

Factor	Chain (PetSmart/Petco)	Independent Trainer
6-week price	$109–$149	$150–$300
Class size	6–8 dogs	4–6 dogs
Environment	Retail store	Dedicated facility or home
Reactive dogs	Usually declined	Specialist classes available
Trainer credential	APT (chain program)	CPDT-KA / CBCC-KA

How do I find a certified dog trainer near me for group classes?

Search the CCPDT directory at ccpdt.org to find CPDT-KA and CBCC-KA certified trainers sorted by ZIP code. The APDT trainer directory at apdt.com is a second source that lists members who self-identify as positive-reinforcement trainers. Thumbtack and Bark surface local trainers with reviews but do not filter by credential — always verify the CPDT-KA or CBCC-KA at ccpdt.org independently. Local humane societies and shelters often run subsidized group classes at $80–$150 taught by credentialed volunteers.

CCPDT directory: ccpdt.org — filter by credential and ZIP
APDT member directory: apdt.com — positive-reinforcement focus
Thumbtack / Bark: review-based but verify credential separately
Local humane society: subsidized $80–$150, often CPDT-KA taught
Vet referral: veterinarians frequently refer to known credentialed local trainers

What is a reactive dog class and how much does it cost near me?

A reactive dog class is a specialized group format where dogs that lunge, bark, or freeze at other dogs or people are separated by barriers and worked through counter-conditioning and desensitization at controlled distances. Classes cost $200–$500 for a 4-6 week course and have strict class-size caps of 2–4 dogs. The instructor holds a CBCC-KA credential in most legitimate programs. These classes are available mainly in mid-size and major metros; rural areas often require switching to private sessions.

Cost: $200–$500 for a 4-6 week reactive-dog course
Class size: 2–4 dogs maximum (barriers between each)
Required credential: CBCC-KA (not just CPDT-KA)
Availability: mid-size and major metros primarily
Rural alternative: private 1-on-1 sessions at $75–$175 per session

Class Type	Cost	Class Size	Who Should Attend
Standard group obedience	$109–$300	4–8 dogs	Calm, social dogs
Reactive dog class	$200–$500	2–4 dogs	Dogs that lunge/bark at triggers
Private session (reactive)	$100–$175/session	1 dog	Severe reactivity, rural areas

What questions should I ask a local dog trainer before signing up?

Ask five questions before paying a deposit: (1) What certification do you hold and can I verify it at ccpdt.org? (2) What is your maximum class size? (3) What is your refund or credit policy if I miss a session? (4) What do you do if a dog is too stressed to take food during class? (5) Do you provide written homework between sessions? Trainers who dodge these questions or answer the stress question with a leash correction are not worth the enrollment fee regardless of price.

Verify CPDT-KA or CBCC-KA at ccpdt.org before enrolling
Maximum class size: 4–6 dogs is the quality threshold
Refund policy: credits or partial refund expected on a $150–$300 course
Stress response: distance management, not leash corrections
Written homework: required for any course above chain-store pricing

Example Calculations

1PetSmart 6-week group obedience, adult dog, Austin TX

Inputs

Class typeGroup obedience

ProviderChain pet store (PetSmart)

Course length6-week course

Dog ageAdult

LocationAustin, TX

Result

Typical course total$109 – $149

2Independent CPDT-KA trainer, reactive dog class, Denver CO

Inputs

Class typeReactive dog specialty class

ProviderIndependent certified trainer

Course length6-week course

Dog ageAdult

LocationDenver, CO

Result

Typical course total$220 – $320

3Franchise school, 8-week advanced skills, suburban Chicago

Inputs

Class typeAdvanced skills / CGC prep

ProviderFranchise school (Zoom Room)

Course length8-week course

Dog ageAdolescent

LocationOak Park, IL

Result

Typical course total$210 – $300

Show all examples

Formulas Used

Dog training class cost structure

Course total = provider base rate * course length multiplier * class type modifier * regional labor index

Course total = Provider base rate × Course length multiplier × Class type modifier × Regional labor index. Chain stores ($109–$149) standardize pricing through national corporate tiers. Independent trainers ($100–$300) vary by local facility cost, credential, and class size. Reactive-dog and specialty classes apply a 40–80% modifier over standard group pricing. Regional labor adds 25–40% in high-cost metros (NYC, SF, LA, Boston, Seattle) versus baseline pricing in the Midwest and rural markets.

Where:

Provider base rate= Chain $109–$149; independent $100–$300; franchise $175–$350 per 6-week course

Class type modifier= Standard group 1.0×; reactive dog 1.4–1.8×; advanced CGC prep 1.1–1.3×

Regional labor index= Midwest / rural 0.85–1.0×; mid-size metro 1.0–1.2×; major metro 1.25–1.4×

Course length multiplier= 6-week baseline 1.0×; 8-week 1.15–1.3×; drop-in per session $25–$65

Show all formulas

Dog Training Classes Near Me: 2026 Cost Guide for Every Provider Type

Summary: 2026 Dog Training Class Costs Near You at a Glance

Dog training classes in 2026 span four provider types, each with a distinct price point and quality profile. PetSmart and Petco lead on accessibility, charging $109–$149 for a standard 6-week group obedience course taught in a retail environment. Independent certified trainers command $100–$300 for a comparable 6-week course, with the premium buying smaller class sizes, deeper credentials, and location-specific knowledge of local parks, trails, and reactive-dog triggers in your neighborhood. Franchise schools like Zoom Room charge $175–$350 per course and offer a facility-only, training-focused experience that splits the difference between chain convenience and independent quality. For a full breakdown of private 1-on-1 session pricing and board-and-train programs at your local facility, the dog training service cost calculator covers all formats side by side.

The near-me framing matters because dog training class prices vary by up to 40% depending on where you live, even within the same provider chain. A PetSmart 6-week course lists at $109 in suburban Oklahoma City but $149 in Manhattan or San Francisco, because the company tiers its pricing by ZIP code. Independent trainers in Boston, Seattle, or Los Angeles charge 25–40% more per course than the same CPDT-KA certified trainer operating out of a rural or Midwest market, reflecting higher facility rental costs, cost-of-living adjustments, and demand from dense urban dog populations. Knowing the local spread before you call a trainer is the most effective way to avoid overpaying for an introductory group class when an equivalent course is available a few ZIP codes away. The dog training class cost calculator focuses specifically on group class pricing mechanics across different course formats and session structures.

This guide covers the four major provider types you will find when searching for dog training classes near you, the regional pricing bands that determine what you will actually be quoted, the credentials and methodology questions that separate qualified instructors from untrained hobbyists, and the specific cost profile of reactive dog and specialty classes that are not listed in chain-store price menus. Use the calculator above to get a quick local estimate by class type, provider, and ZIP, then read each section to understand what drives the number and how to compare quotes from multiple trainers in your area. Every price cited in this guide is sourced from PetSmart published rates, HomeGuide, Thumbtack, Bark, Dogster, and CCPDT trainer surveys for 2026.

Chain Stores vs. Independent Trainers vs. Franchise Schools: What You Pay Near You

PetSmart's Accredited Pet Trainer (APT) program and Petco's partnership with independent trainers are the first stop for most new dog owners because of price and convenience. PetSmart's 6-week group obedience class is the most widely purchased dog training product in the US at $109–$149 per course, with classes typically running 1 hour weekly in the store's open retail space. The format teaches sit, down, stay, loose-leash walking, come, and basic impulse control. Puppy kindergarten at the same venues runs $109–$149 for puppies under 5 months and adds socialization with other puppies, a critical developmental window between 8 and 16 weeks. Petco prices are comparable at $109–$149 per 6-week session, though the exact fee varies by store. Drop-in classes at chains run $25–$40 per session, a useful option if you want to evaluate the trainer before committing to a full course.

Independent certified trainers operating private classes typically charge $120–$300 for a 6-week group course, with the range reflecting credential level, class size, facility type, and regional labor costs. A CPDT-KA certified trainer running a class of 5–6 dogs in a dedicated training facility with rubber matting, agility equipment, and distraction-proofing setups commands premium pricing because the infrastructure and credential investment is real. The key advantage over chain classes is class size: PetSmart accepts 6–8 dogs per session and mixes skill levels, while most independent trainers cap classes at 4–6 and group dogs by age, size, and prior training history. An 8-week course at an independent trainer running $200 total works out to $25 per session, comparable to chain pricing per hour. Look for the CPDT-KA designation from the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers (CCPDT), which requires 300+ training hours and a rigorous knowledge exam verified at ccpdt.org.

Franchise training schools represent a third pricing tier and a distinct value proposition. Zoom Room, the largest US dog training franchise, charges $175–$350 per 6-week course and operates purpose-built training studios separate from retail environments. The facility is distraction-free, equipped specifically for training, and every instructor passes the franchise's internal certification program. For owners whose dogs struggle in the busy retail environment of a chain pet store, a franchise school's dedicated training space can be worth the 20–40% price premium over chain courses. Franchise schools typically do not offer board-and-train programs, which are the domain of independent operators and specialized residential facilities; if board-and-train is on your radar, the dog training school cost near me calculator estimates residential program costs by location and program length.

Dog training class provider types and pricing, 2026. Source: PetSmart, HomeGuide, Thumbtack, Bark.
Provider Type	6-Week Course	Class Size	Environment	Trainer Credential
PetSmart / Petco	$109–$149	6–8 dogs	Retail store	APT (in-house cert)
Independent trainer	$100–$300	4–6 dogs	Dedicated facility or outdoor	CPDT-KA typical
Franchise (Zoom Room)	$175–$350	4–6 dogs	Dedicated studio	Franchise certification
Humane society / shelter	$80–$150	5–8 dogs	Shelter facility	Volunteer CPDT-KA

If your dog reacts (barks, lunges, freezes) around other dogs or strangers, do not enroll in a chain class. Most chains decline reactive dogs; the right path is a CBCC-KA certified reactive-dog specialist class at $200–$500 or private 1-on-1 sessions at $75–$175.

Regional Price Variation: How Location Changes Your Dog Training Class Quote

Dog training class pricing follows regional cost-of-living curves, but the effect is amplified in urban markets because trainers compete for limited facility space while clients compete for limited class spots. In rural areas and small markets, a CPDT-KA certified independent trainer charges $100–$150 for a 6-week group class. In mid-size metros (Columbus, Nashville, Charlotte, Denver, Minneapolis), the same course format runs $150–$220. In high-cost metros including New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Boston, Seattle, and Washington DC, independent group classes run $220–$300+ per 6-week course. PetSmart and Petco smooth some of this variation through standardized national pricing, but still tier their rates in the most expensive ZIP codes by $20–$40 above the national baseline. The practical implication: if you live in a high-cost metro, driving 20–30 minutes to a suburban location for the same course saves $50–$100 per enrollment.

Chicago-area dog owners illustrate the suburban arbitrage effect clearly. In Lincoln Park or Wicker Park, an independent trainer's 6-week group class runs $200–$250. Fifteen miles west in Oak Park or Downers Grove, the same CPDT-KA certification, same curriculum, and similar class sizes run $150–$190, a 20–30% discount purely from geography. In Austin, the tech-driven cost-of-living surge of the early 2020s pulled trainer rates up: group classes that ran $130 in 2022 now list at $160–$200 in 2026 in Zilker and Mueller neighborhoods, while trainers in Round Rock and Cedar Park (15 miles north) still price at $130–$160. In the Southeast, Atlanta's Midtown and Buckhead neighborhoods run $180–$240 per 6-week course versus suburban Marietta and Woodstock at $130–$170. Knowing these regional bands lets you set a realistic budget before you start calling local trainers and receiving quotes that feel random without context.

Three practical strategies reduce the cost of finding a vetted local class without sacrificing quality. First, ask every trainer you contact for the per-session price broken out from the course total, because some trainers price a 6-session and an 8-session course at the same total, making the 8-session course a 25% better value. Second, check for local humane society or shelter training classes, which often run $80–$150 for 6 weeks and are taught by CPDT-certified volunteers or staff at a subsidized rate because the organization's mission includes keeping dogs in homes through successful training. Third, verify whether your local PetSmart class is taught by an in-house Accredited Pet Trainer (APT) or by a contracted independent trainer; contracted trainers often run their own private classes at the same facility or nearby, with slightly better credentials, smaller class sizes, and prices sometimes below $150. Getting at least three local quotes before committing is the single most effective cost-control step in this market.

Dog training class price ranges by regional market type, 2026. Source: HomeGuide, Thumbtack, trainer surveys.
Market Type	Chain 6-Week	Independent 6-Week	Franchise 6-Week
Rural / small market	$109–$129	$100–$150	Rare / n/a
Mid-size metro	$109–$149	$150–$220	$175–$280
Major metro	$129–$149	$220–$300	$250–$350
NYC / SF / LA	$149	$250–$300+	$300–$350+

How to Vet a Local Dog Training Class: Credentials, Methodology, and Red Flags

Dog training in all 50 US states is an unregulated industry, meaning anyone can charge $150 per class without formal education, supervised hours, or ongoing continuing education. The Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers (CCPDT) issues the two credentials that matter most for group classes: the CPDT-KA (Certified Professional Dog Trainer, Knowledge Assessed), which requires 300+ hours of training experience, a 180-question standardized exam covering learning theory, animal behavior, and training mechanics, plus 20 continuing education units every 3 years; and the CPDT-KSA (Knowledge and Skills Assessed), which adds a video-based evaluation of actual training sessions. For reactive dog classes and behavior modification work in a group setting, the CBCC-KA (Certified Behavior Consultant Canine, Knowledge Assessed) requires 500+ training hours and a harder exam covering behavior analysis, modification protocols, and risk assessment. Verifying a trainer's credential takes 30 seconds at ccpdt.org; do it before signing up for any course that costs more than a chain-store class.

Methodology matters as much as credentials for group classes. The American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior (AVSAB) and the Association of Professional Dog Trainers (APDT) both endorse positive-reinforcement-first methods based on operant conditioning and LIMA principles (Least Intrusive, Minimally Aversive). In a group class context, this means the trainer uses food rewards, play, and marker training (a clicker or verbal marker) rather than leash corrections, prong collars, or shock as teaching tools. The group class format is particularly vulnerable to trainer-to-dog mismatch because one method applied to a reactive or fearful dog in a group setting can suppress behavior without addressing the underlying emotion, creating a dog that looks trained in class but regresses immediately at home. Ask any trainer before enrollment: what do you do when a dog is too distracted or stressed to take food? A trainer who answers with a leash correction rather than a distance management or rate-of-reinforcement adjustment is not running a force-free class.

Four contract and logistical questions matter before you pay a deposit. First, what is the refund policy if your dog fails the temperament screen or you cannot attend a session: legitimate trainers offer either a session credit or a partial refund on a prepaid course, not a no-refund policy. Second, what is the maximum class size: anything above 8 dogs per trainer meaningfully reduces the individual attention and time-on-task each dog receives. Third, is the class space fully enclosed: for reactive dogs or young puppies, an open parking-lot class or a space adjacent to busy foot traffic is a management liability that limits learning. Fourth, does the trainer provide written homework and session notes: a $200 course without take-home material is underdelivering on what the premium buys. For comprehensive pet-care budgeting that includes coverage for veterinary behavior consults, the dog insurance quote calculator prices policies that cover behavior-related vet visits and medication.

Verify CPDT-KA or CBCC-KA at ccpdt.org before enrolling (30 seconds, free)
Maximum class size: 4–6 dogs is the quality threshold for group classes
Refund policy: credits or partial refund expected on any course above $100
Stress response: distance management, not leash corrections or punishment
Written homework: required for any course above chain-store pricing
Enclosed training space: mandatory for puppies and reactive dogs
Red flag: trainers who guarantee results in 1–2 sessions for behavior issues

Reactive Dog and Specialty Classes Near You: Costs, Formats, and Finding Local Providers

Reactive dog group classes are a specialized format designed for dogs that lunge, bark, or shut down around other dogs or strangers and cannot safely participate in standard group obedience. In a reactive dog class, also called a Reactive Rover class or CARE (Constructional Aggression Reduction Exercise) workshop, each dog is separated from the others by physical barriers (X-pens, visual blocks, distance) while the trainer works the group through counter-conditioning and desensitization protocols as triggers appear and disappear in a controlled sequence. These classes cost $200–$500 for a 4-6 week reactive-specific course at an independent trainer or franchise school. The higher price reflects strict class-size caps of 2–4 dogs maximum, specialized facility setups, the trainer's advanced credential (typically CBCC-KA), and far more hands-on management per dog than basic obedience. PetSmart and Petco do not offer reactive dog classes at most US locations.

Finding a reactive dog class near you requires a different search strategy than a standard group class. The CCPDT's trainer directory at ccpdt.org allows filtering by credential type; searching for CBCC-KA trainers in your ZIP code who list group-format services surfaces most reactive-class options in your area. The IAABC (International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants) directory at iaabc.org is a second source that lists associate and full members with documented behavior modification experience. Reactive dog class availability is genuinely thin outside of mid-size and major metros: rural and small-market dog owners typically find that private 1-on-1 sessions are the only option at $75–$175 per session, because a critical mass of 2–4 reactive-dog owners rarely coexists in a small market. In those cases, the economics actually favor private sessions at 4–6 visits ($400–$1,050) over a hypothetical group class, because the trainer can dedicate the full session to your specific dog's triggers and threshold rather than managing 2–3 different reactive profiles simultaneously.

Puppy kindergarten and advanced skills classes share the near-me availability challenge but in the opposite direction: they are widely available but variable in quality. A chain-store puppy kindergarten at $109–$149 works for well-socialized puppies in stable households, but a class of 8 puppies with unknown vaccination records in a high-traffic retail space is not ideal for puppies with health vulnerabilities or fearful temperaments. An independent trainer running a puppy kindergarten of 4–6 dogs with documented vaccination requirements, structured socialization protocols modeled on Dr. Ian Dunbar's puppy class model, and written homework for owners is worth the $40–$80 premium over chain pricing. Advanced skills classes (off-leash recall, distance commands, Canine Good Citizen test prep) typically run $150–$280 for a 6-week course at an independent trainer versus $109–$149 at a chain for a continuation module that does not reach equivalent off-leash depth. For recurring monthly care costs alongside training, the dog grooming service cost calculator rounds out the full monthly dog budget across grooming, training, walking, and food.

If a reactive dog class is not available near you, 4–6 private sessions with a CBCC-KA trainer at $100–$175 per session delivers equivalent outcomes to a group reactive class at comparable or lower total cost, with the added benefit of working on your dog's specific triggers in real-world environments.

Related Calculators

Dog Training Service Cost Calculator

Compare group class, private 1-on-1, and board-and-train pricing across all formats and behavior issues.

Dog Training Class Cost Calculator

Deep-dive group class pricing by curriculum level, session count, and trainer credential tier.

Dog Training School Near Me Cost Calculator

Estimate board-and-train and residential school costs by program length and behavioral complexity.

Puppy Training Service Cost Calculator

Puppy-specific class and private session pricing for dogs under 12 months.

Pet Grooming Cost Near Me Calculator — 2026 Local Grooming Prices by Type & Size

Compare 2026 local pet grooming quotes near you by groomer type, pet size, and location. Shop, mobile, and big-box price ranges to find the best local groomer.

Irrigation System Installation Cost Near Me — 2026 Local Quote Guide

Compare local 2026 irrigation system installation costs. Regional quotes run $3,500–$8,000; learn what drives near-me bids and how to save 15–25% with 3 quotes.

Related Resources

How Much Do Dog Walkers Charge in 2026? Per-Walk, Weekly & Monthly Rates

Read our guide

Cost to Neuter a Male Dog in 2026: Clinic vs Vet by Size

Read our guide

$1M Umbrella Policy Cost in 2026: Annual Price by Coverage, Household & Insurer

Read our guide

Dog Training Service Cost Calculator

Dog Training Class Cost Calculator

Dog Training School Near Me Cost Calculator

Dog Grooming Service Cost Calculator

Dog Insurance Quote Calculator

Explore Pet Care Calculators

Price vet visits, pet insurance, grooming, boarding, and daily care across dogs, cats, and small pets.

View All Pet Calculators

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

This calculator is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Results are estimates and should not be considered professional financial, medical, legal, or other advice. Always consult a qualified professional before making important decisions. UseCalcPro is not responsible for any actions taken based on calculator results.

UseCalcPro

Dog Training Classes Cost Near Me — 2026 Local Price Comparison

Compare local dog training class prices by provider type and region — chain stores, independent certified trainers, and franchise schools side by side.

Class Type

Course Length

Your Dog

Dog Age

Provider Type

Location

ZIP or City

Get an instant estimate—add your ZIP for local pricing

What You'll Need

MidWest Homes for Pets 42-Inch iCrate for Large Breeds, 71-90 lbs, Single Door Folding Dog Crate with Divider Panel, Leak-Proof Tray & Secure Latch, Portable, Durable & Easy to Assemble

KONG Classic Stuffable Dog Toy - Fetch & Chew Toy for Dogs - Treat-Filling Capabilities & Erratic Bounce for Extended Play Time - Durable Natural Rubber Material - for Large Dogs

BARKBAY No Pull Dog Harness Front Clip Heavy Duty Reflective Easy Control Handle for Large Dog Walking(Black,L)

MidWest Homes for Pets 42-Inch iCrate for Large Breeds, 71-90 lbs, Single Door Folding Dog Crate with Divider Panel, Leak-Proof Tray & Secure Latch, Portable, Durable & Easy to Assemble

KONG Classic Stuffable Dog Toy - Fetch & Chew Toy for Dogs - Treat-Filling Capabilities & Erratic Bounce for Extended Play Time - Durable Natural Rubber Material - for Large Dogs

BARKBAY No Pull Dog Harness Front Clip Heavy Duty Reflective Easy Control Handle for Large Dog Walking(Black,L)