Multiply full steps per revolution by the microstep divisor. Full steps = 360 / step_angle. A 1.8° motor has 200 full steps; at 1/16 microstepping that becomes 3,200 steps per revolution.

1.8° motor = 200 full steps/rev
0.9° motor = 400 full steps/rev
200 × 16 microsteps = 3,200 steps/rev
200 × 32 microsteps = 6,400 steps/rev

Microstep	1.8° Motor	0.9° Motor	Resolution
Full (1x)	200	400	1.8° / 0.9°
1/4	800	1,600	0.45° / 0.225°
1/16	3,200	6,400	0.1125° / 0.056°
1/32	6,400	12,800	0.056° / 0.028°

What limits the maximum RPM of a stepper motor?

Back-EMF and driver voltage limit max RPM. As speed increases, back-EMF opposes the supply voltage, reducing current and torque. Higher voltage drivers allow higher max RPM.

12V driver: typically 300–600 RPM max
24V driver: typically 600–1,200 RPM max
48V driver: 1,200–2,000+ RPM possible
Microstepping reduces effective max RPM

Does microstepping reduce torque?

Yes. At higher microstepping, each step delivers less holding torque. Full stepping provides 100% torque; 1/16 microstepping typically provides about 10–20% of holding torque per microstep.

Full step: 100% holding torque
Half step: ~70% torque per step
1/8 step: ~38% torque per step
1/16 step: ~20% torque per step

How do I choose the right step angle?

Most 3D printers and CNC machines use 1.8° (200 steps/rev). Precision applications like astronomical trackers may use 0.9° (400 steps/rev). Higher resolution increases smoothness but reduces max speed.

1.8°: most common, good balance
0.9°: double resolution, lower max speed
3.6°: older/cheaper motors
Combine with microstepping for finer control

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

This calculator is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Results are estimates and should not be considered professional financial, medical, legal, or other advice. Always consult a qualified professional before making important decisions. UseCalcPro is not responsible for any actions taken based on calculator results.

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