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Excavation Calculator

Calculate excavation volume and hauling costs

Excavation Volume

88.89 yd³

Loose Vol

115.56 yd³

Truck Loads

12

Cost

$1733

Units
$
Bank Volume

88.89 yd³

Loose Volume

115.56 yd³

Truck Loads

12

Est. Cost

$1733

Bank vs Loose Volume

Bank Volume (in-ground)88.89 yd³
Loose Volume (+30% swell)115.56 yd³

Hauling Estimate

Truck Capacity10 yd³
Number of Loads12
Estimated Cost$1733

Frequently Asked Questions

Q

What is swell factor in excavation?

Swell factor is the increase in soil volume when excavated. Soil expands 12-50% when dug up because air pockets form between loose particles. Clay swells ~30%, sand ~12%, and rock ~50%. Always calculate loose volume for truck loads.

  • Sand/gravel: 12–15% swell factor (multiply bank volume by 1.12–1.15)
  • Loam/topsoil: 20–25% swell factor (multiply bank volume by 1.20–1.25)
  • Clay: 25–35% swell factor (multiply bank volume by 1.25–1.35)
  • Rock/shale: 40–50% swell factor (multiply bank volume by 1.40–1.50)
  • Ignoring swell factor can underestimate truck loads by 12–50%, causing project delays
Soil TypeSwell Factor100 Bank yd³ Becomes
Sand/Gravel12–15%112–115 loose yd³
Loam/Topsoil20–25%120–125 loose yd³
Clay25–35%125–135 loose yd³
Rock/Shale40–50%140–150 loose yd³
Q

How many cubic yards does a dump truck hold?

A standard dump truck holds 10-14 cubic yards of loose dirt. Small trucks: 6-8 yd³, standard: 10-14 yd³, large tandem: 14-18 yd³, semi trailer: 20-25 yd³. Always use loose (swelled) volume for truck calculations.

  • Small single-axle dump truck: 6–8 yd³ capacity, best for tight residential access
  • Standard tandem dump truck: 10–14 yd³ capacity, most common for residential excavation
  • Large tri-axle dump truck: 14–18 yd³ capacity, ideal for large commercial sites
  • Semi end-dump trailer: 20–25 yd³ capacity, used for highway and large-volume jobs
  • Weight limits often cap loads before volume – wet clay weighs about 1.5 tons per yd³
Truck TypeCapacity (yd³)Typical Cost/Load
Small Single-Axle6–8$50–$75
Standard Tandem10–14$75–$125
Large Tri-Axle14–18$100–$150
Semi End-Dump20–25$150–$200
Q

How much does excavation cost per cubic yard?

Excavation costs $10-25 per cubic yard for basic digging and hauling. Costs vary: topsoil removal $10-15/yd³, general excavation $15-20/yd³, rock excavation $30-50/yd³. Add $50-100 per truck load for hauling.

  • Topsoil stripping: $10–$15/yd³ – easy removal, can often be stockpiled on-site and reused
  • General earth excavation: $15–$20/yd³ including loading (add hauling cost separately)
  • Rock excavation: $30–$50/yd³, may require hydraulic breaker rental at $200–$500/day
  • Hauling fees: $50–$100 per truck load depending on dump site distance (5–20 miles typical)
  • A typical 30 ft × 20 ft × 4 ft foundation dig costs $1,300–$2,500 total for clay soil
Q

How do you calculate bank vs loose cubic yards?

Bank cubic yards is the in-ground volume (L × W × D / 27). Loose cubic yards = bank yards × swell factor. For clay with 30% swell: 100 bank yd³ × 1.30 = 130 loose yd³. Always haul based on loose volume.

  • Bank volume = (Length ft × Width ft × Depth ft) / 27 to convert cubic feet to cubic yards
  • Always use loose volume for truck load calculations – bank volume underestimates hauling needs
  • Compacted volume (for backfill) is typically 85–95% of bank volume due to compaction
  • For irregularly shaped excavations, break into rectangular sections and sum the volumes

Example Calculations

1Foundation Dig (30 × 20 × 4 ft, Clay)

Inputs

Length30 ft
Width20 ft
Depth4 ft
Soil TypeClay (30% swell)
Truck Capacity10 yd³
Cost per yd³$15

Result

Loose Volume115.56 yd³
Bank Volume88.89 yd³
Swell Factor30%
Truck Loads12
Estimated Cost$1,733

Bank volume = (30 × 20 × 4) / 27 = 88.89 yd³. With 30% clay swell: 88.89 × 1.30 = 115.56 loose yd³. Truck loads = ⌈115.56 / 10⌉ = 12. Cost = 115.56 × $15 = $1,733.

2Pool Excavation (20 × 10 × 6 ft, Sand)

Inputs

Length20 ft
Width10 ft
Depth6 ft
Soil TypeSand/Gravel (12% swell)
Truck Capacity10 yd³
Cost per yd³$15

Result

Loose Volume49.78 yd³
Bank Volume44.44 yd³
Swell Factor12%
Truck Loads5
Estimated Cost$747

Bank volume = (20 × 10 × 6) / 27 = 44.44 yd³. With 12% sand swell: 44.44 × 1.12 = 49.78 loose yd³. Truck loads = ⌈49.78 / 10⌉ = 5. Cost = 49.78 × $15 = $747.

Formulas Used

Bank Volume

Bank Volume (yd³) = (L × W × D) / 27

Calculates in-ground volume before excavation.

Where:

L= Excavation length in feet
W= Excavation width in feet
D= Excavation depth in feet

Loose Volume

Loose Volume = Bank Volume × Swell Factor

Accounts for soil expansion when excavated.

Where:

Swell Factor= Soil expansion ratio (1.12 for sand to 1.50 for rock)

Truck Loads

Truck Loads = ⌈Loose Volume / Truck Capacity⌉

Number of truck loads needed (rounded up).

Where:

Truck Capacity= Truck bed capacity in cubic yards (typically 10-14)

Understanding Excavation Calculations

Excavation volumes are measured two ways: bank measure (in-ground, undisturbed) and loose measure (after digging). Loose soil takes up more space due to air between particles.

The swell factor depends on soil type. Clay swells 30%, loam 25%, sand 12%, and rock up to 50%. Always use loose volume when calculating truck loads and hauling costs.

Truck capacity is measured in loose cubic yards. Divide total loose volume by truck capacity to get the number of loads needed.

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Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

This calculator is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Results are estimates and should not be considered professional financial, medical, legal, or other advice. Always consult a qualified professional before making important decisions. UseCalcPro is not responsible for any actions taken based on calculator results.

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